VM is on a DvSwitch portgroup with promiscuous mode, mac address change, and forged transmits enabled. VM is using VMXNET3 for NIC. I'm using the standard keepalived in the repo. Keepalived/xenial-updates,now 1:1.2.19-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 installed I'm attempting to use the following configuration for keepalived. KeepAlive is a freeware application that keeps your (wireless) connection alive. It does this by sitting in your task bar and regularly pinging a certain host.
Keepalived is a Linux implementation of VRRP. The usual roleof VRRP is to share a virtual IP across a set of routers. For eachVRRP instance, a leader is elected and gets to serve the IP address,ensuring the high availability of the attached service. Keepalivedcan also be used for a generic leader election, thanks to itsability to use scripts for health checking and run commands on statechange.
A simple configuration looks like this:
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The state keyword in ❶ instructs Keepalived to not take the leaderrole when starting. Otherwise, incoming nodes create a temporarydisruption by taking over the IP address until the election settles.The interface keyword in ❷ defines the interface for sending andreceiving VRRP packets. It is also the default interface to configurethe virtual IP address. The virtual_router_id directive in ❸ iscommon to all nodes sharing the virtual IP. The priority keyword in❹ helps to choose which router will be elected as leader. If you needmore information about Keepalived, be sure to check thedocumentation.
VRRP design is tied to Ethernet networks and requires amulticast-enabled network for communication between nodes. In someenvironments, notably public clouds, multicast is unavailable. In thiscase, Keepalived can send VRRP packets using unicast:
Keepalived For Mac Catalina
Another process, like a BGP daemon, should advertise the virtual IPaddress to the “network.” If needed, Keepalived can trigger whateveraction is needed for this by using notify_* scripts.
Until version 2.21 (not released yet), the interface directive ismandatory and Keepalived will transmit and receive VRRP packets onthis interface only. If peers are reachable through severalinterfaces, like on a BGP on the host setup, you need aworkaround. A simple one is to use a VXLAN interface:
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Learning of MAC addresses is disabled and one generic entry for eachpeer is added in the forwarding database: transmitted packets arebroadcasted to all peers, notably VRRP packets. Have a look at“VXLAN & Linux” for additional details.
Keepalived Forcing New Election
Starting from Keepalived 2.21, unicast_peer can be used withoutthe interface directive. I think using VXLAN is still aneat trick applicable to other situations where communication usingbroadcast or multicast is needed, while the underlying network providesno support for this.